Perezida Kagame yagiranye ibiganiro na bagenzi be batandatukanye [sobanukirwa byinshi ku Inama y’Ubushinwa na Afurika 2024]

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Dore ibyo ukeneye kumenya byose ku biteganijwe mu nama ya 2024, uzaba ahari, n’Ubushinwa bumaze gushora imari muri Afurika:

Muri iki cyumweru abayobozi ba Afurika barimo guhurira mu Bushinwa mu nama iteganijwe ko bagomba guhuriramo na Perezida Xi Jinping mu gihe leta ya Beijing ikomeje kugirana ubucuti no kwagura uruhare rwayo ku mugabane wa Afurika mu gihe hari agahenge k’uruhare k’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba bw’isi kuri uyu mugabane.

Inama y’Ubushinwa na Afurika, iratangira kuva ku ya 4 kugeza ku ya 6 Nzeri, aho abayobozi b’ibihugu by’Afurika bahura bakaganira kuri politiki n’amasezerano y’ubufatanye, ayo masezerano yitesweho kuzashyiraho umurongo uhamye w’imibanire w’impande zombi [ubushinwa na Afurika ] mu myaka mike iri imbere.

Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ubushinwa mu itangazo ryayo yashyize ahagaragara yavuze ko iyi nama ari ibirori bya diplomasi binini iki gihugu cyakiriye mu myaka yashize byitabiriwe n’abayobozi b’amahanga benshi, yongeraho ko ari “ihuriro rikomeye ry’umuryango munini w’Ubushinwa na Afurika” .

Amasezerano mu nama zashize zafunguye iyi yashyizeho uburyo butagereranywa ku isoko ry’ibikoresho fatizo bya Afurika kuri Beijing, ndetse yemeza miliyoni z’amadolari nyinshi zigomba gushorwa mu ishoramari mu bihugu bya Afurika.

Iri tangazo ryongeyeho riti: “Ubushinwa ntibuzigera buhwema kwiyemeza gukomeza ubufatanye n’ubufatanye na Afurika.”

Inama y’Ubushinwa na Afurika, yiswe ku mugaragaro ihuriro ry’ubufatanye bw’Ubushinwa na Afurika (FOCAC), iba buri myaka itatu kuva mu 2000. Inama iheruka yabaga ku nshuro ya cyenda.

Iyi ni inama yibanda ku nsanganyamatsiko z’inganda, iterambere ry’ubuhinzi, umutekano, n’ubufatanye bijyanye na gahunda y’Ubushinwa n’amahanga ndetse n’umushinga munini ugamije guhuza imigabane myinshi n’Ubushinwa n’ibikorwa remezo bifatika.

Nk’uko Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ubushinwa ibivuga, insanganyamatsiko y’yi nama igira iti “Guhuza amaboko kugira ngo duteze imbere ivugurura no kubaka Umuryango wo mu rwego rwo hejuru hagati y’Ubushinwa na Afurika ufite ejo hazaza”.

Iyi nama ibaye mu gihe Ubushinwa bugenda burwanya Amerika n’Uburayi muri Afurika ndetse no mu tundi turere dukiri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu kuzamuka kw’ibihugu by’ibihangange ku isi. Nubwo Amerika, Ubuyapani, Ubuhinde n’Uburusiya nabyo bigira inama zisanzwe zo gukurura abayobozi b’uyu mugabane, Ubushinwa bwo bufatwa nk’umufatanyabikorwa ntagereranywa w’ubukungu w’uyu mugabane.

Jana de Kluiver, umushakashatsi w’ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mutekano muri Afurika y’Epfo, yatangaje ko kuri Pekin, iyi nama itanga amahirwe menshi ya dipolomasi yo kwerekana ko Afurika nayo igaragara ku rwego rw’isi. Kugira abayobozi b’Afurika nk’inshuti bivuze ko Pekin ishobora kugira uruhare muri diplomasi mu Muryango w’Abibumbye.

Ati: “Afurika ni ingenzi ku Bushinwa kubera imbaraga z’amajwi yayo mu Nteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye”

Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa nabwo buzareshya abayobozi b’Afurika n’amadolari y’ishoramari hamwe na lobby kugira ngo barusheho kubona amabuye y’agaciro nka lithium, umuringa na cobalt, ubu ikaba icukura muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC), Zimbabwe, Botswana , n’ibindi bihugu.

Pekin izatuma ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga cyane cyane ibikomoka ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa, ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga bikihutisha gushora imari kuri uyu mugabane.Ibihugu by’Afurika, bikunze kugirana amasezerano mu buryo bubiri, ku rundi ruhande bizareba gusobanura neza gahunda z’imihigo itujujwe kuva mu nama zashize.

Bamwe, kimwe na DRC, bazashaka kandi ubufatanye bwinshi buzafasha amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bucukuzi bwo muri iki gihugu. Ubwo buryo buzatanga umusaruro mwinshi kuri ibi bihugu mugihe utanga amahirwe menshi yakazi kubakozi bato bo muri Afrika.

Biteganijwe ko nibura abakuru b’ibihugu 53 by’ibihugu bya Afurika, cyangwa ababahagarariye, ndetse n’intumwa za minisitiri, biteganijwe ko bazaba muri iyo nama.

Eswatini, igihugu cya 54 cya Afurika, ntaho gihuriye n’Ubushinwa kandi birashoboka ko aricyo gihugu cyonyine kiza kuba kidahari. Nicyo gihugu cyonyine cya Afurika gifitanye umubano w’ububanyi n’amahanga na Tayiwani, Ubushinwa buvuga ko bugize agace kabwo.

Kuri iki cyumweru Perezida Xi yabonanye na Perezida wa DRC, Felix Tshisekedi. Amakuru avuga ko Xi yabonanye kandi n’abayobozi ba Togo, Mali, Comoros, na Djibouti. Ku wa kabiri, Xi yahuye kandi na Perezida Bola Tinubu wa Nijeriya, ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika.

Umunyamabanga mukuru wa Loni, Antonio Guterres, azaba umushyitsi wihariye muri iyo nama. Imiryango myinshi mpuzamahanga n’akarere nayo izitabira iyo nama nkindorerezi.

Ubushinwa ni umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye muri Afurika. Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ibyoherezwa hanze byo ku mugabane wa Afurika – cyane cyane amabuye y’agaciro, lisansi n’ibyuma – bijya mu Bushinwa, naho hafi 16 ku ijana by’ibitumizwa mu mahanga biva muri iki gihugu. Ubushinwa buvuga ko ubucuruzi buri mwaka bushobora kugera kuri miliyari 300 z’amadolari kuri uyu mugabane.

Urugero, mu cyumweru gishize, abarwanashyaka bo muri Uganda bigaragambije maze berekeza kuri ambasade y’Ubushinwa i Kampala kubera umushinga w’umuyoboro wa peteroli uzohereza ibicuruzwa biva muri iki gihugu bikajya mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Tanzaniya. Uyu muyoboro uzakorwa n’ikigo cya Leta y’Ubushinwa ku bufatanye n’isosiyete y’ingufu n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli y’Abafaransa Total, ndetse na guverinoma ya Tanzaniya na Uganda.

Ubushinwa bwahuye n’ibibazo bitandukanye kubera kunanirwa guhagarika ibikorwa bidashoboka nko gutema ibiti mu buryo butemewe mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika bigira uruhare ku isoko mu Bushinwa. Ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe iperereza ku bidukikije muri raporo yo muri Gicurasi 2024 cyerekanye ko gutwara ibiti bitemewe n’amategeko biva muri Mozambike bijya mu Bushinwa byiyongereye kuva mu 2017. Amafaranga yagiye mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, bigira uruhare mu kwigomeka muri iki gihugu.

Byongeye kandi, abanenga Ubushinwa barashinja Beijing gushuka ibihugu by’Afurika mu masezerano y’inguzanyo akomeye baharanira kwishyura – kwemerera Beijing noneho gufata imitungo ibyara inyungu – ibyo bikaba ari bimwe mu byitwa “debt diplomacy”.

Ibihugu bimwe nka Zambiya byanze kwishyura inguzanyo. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2022, Zambiya yakusanyije amadolari arenga miliyari 18 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu madeni yo hanze, nibura 12 ku ijana by’ayo akaba yari abereyemo Ubushinwa, inguzanyo nini mu bihugu byombi.