Tariki ya 26 / Ukwakira mu mateka : Kayibanda Grégoire yafashe ubutegetsi !
Tariki 26 Ukwakira ni umunsi wa 300 mu minsi igize umwaka, hasigaye iminsi 66 uyu mwaka ukagera ku musozo.
Uyu munsi Kiliziya Gatolika izirikana ba Mutagatifu Evariste, Amand na Gibitrude.
Bimwe mu byo wamenya by’ingenzi byagiye biranga iyi tariki ya 26 / Ukwakira mu mateka .
1959: Bwa mbere hafashwe amafoto agaragaza ukwezi, yafashwe n’icyogajuru cya Luna 3.
1961: Kayibanda yagiye ku butegetsi, ayobora manda ye ya mbere kugeza mu 1965.
1966: Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yemeje ko Parmehutu iba ishyaka rukumbi ryemewe mu Rwanda
1985: Guverinoma ya Australia yagaruye imikorere ya Uluru mu miyoborere yayo mu bijyanye n’abaturage kavukire Pitjantjatjara.
1994: Jordan na Israel byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro.
1947: Umwami Maharaja wa Kashmir yemeye gutiza ubwami bwe, yemera ko buhuzwa n’u Buhinde.
1955: Ngô Đình Diệm yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko abaye Minisitiri w’intebe wa Vietnam y’Amajyepfo.
1966: Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yemeje ko Parmehutu iba ishyaka rukumbi ryemewe mu Rwanda
1958: Bwa mbere indege ya kompanyi ya Pan American Airways yakoze urugendo rwa mbere rw’indege, iyi ndege Boeng 707 yari ivuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu Mujyi wa New York yerekeza i Paris mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa.2000: Perezida Laurent Gbagbo yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w’igihugu cya Côte d’Ivoire nyuma y’akaduruvayo kakozwe n’abaturage bamagana Perezida Robert Guéï.
2003: Muri Leta Zunze Ubuymwe za Amerika hadutse inkongi y’umuriro. Iyi nkongi yagaragaye muri California yibukwa cyane ku izina rya Cedar Fire, ni inkongi ikomeye muri mateka ya California kuko iza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu nkongi zikomeye, yasize ihitanye abantu 15, yangiza amazu agera ku 2 200 ari hafi y’ahitwa San Diego.
Bamwe mu bavutse uyu munsi
1789 Joseph Mayseder, umucuranzi w’inanga , akaba yaravukiye i Vienne muri Otirishiya .
1791 Charles Sprague, umunyamerika akaba n’umusizi wavukiye i Boston, muri Massachusetts .
1794 Konstantin Thon, umwubatsi w’umuhanga w’Umurusiya ,dore ko ariwe wubatse Ingoro ya Kreml, yavukiye i St. Petersburg, mu Burusiya .
1800 Helmuth von Moltke , umujenerali wo mu cyahoze ari Prussia yavukiye i Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin .
1473 Duke Friedrich wa Saxony, Umuyobozi mukuru wa 36 wa Teutonic Knight (1498-1510), wavukiye Torgau mu Budage (m. 1510)
1483 Hans Buchner, umuhimbyi w’Ubudage, wavukiye mu mujyi wa Ravensburg w’Ubuntu, Ingoma ntagatifu y’Abaroma (m. 1538)
1491 Zhengde, Umwami w’abami wa 10 w’ingoma ya Ming, yavukiye i Beijing mu Bushinwa .
1556 Ahmad Baba, umunyamategeko n’umwanditsi (inkoranyamagambo ya biografiya ya Mālikī), yavukiye Arawān, hafi ya Timbuktu, Ingoma ya Songhai .
1673 Dimitrie Cantemir, umuhanga mu by’amateka ya Rumaniya, wavukiye i Silişteni, muri Moldaviya .
1684 Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, marshal wo muri Prussia, wavukiye i Löwitz, muri Pomeriya .
1757 Karl Leonhard Reinhold, umufilozofe wo muri Otirishiya yavukiye i Vienne muri Otirishiya.
Gregoire Kayibanda
Gregoire Kayibanda (1 Gicurasi 1924 – 15 Ukuboza 1976), wafashe ubutegetsi ku itariki ya 26 Ukwakira 1961 ni Perezida wa 2 Ukwakira 1961 – 5 Nyakanga 1973) w’u Rwanda kuva rwabona ubwigenge yakuwe mu butegetsi kugeza akuwe ku butegetsi Kuri Juvénal Habyarimana.
Habyarimana na Kayibanda bapfuye iki?
Imyaka 49 irashize mu Rwanda habaye ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ari naryo rukumbi ryabayemo kuva rwakwitwa Repubulika mu 1962. Ni igikorwa cyabaye kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1973, ubwo Gen Major Habyarimana Juvénal yakuraga ku butegetsi Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire yari abereye Minisitiri w’Ingabo.
Ni coup d’Etat n’ubu itarasobanuka, kabone nubwo abavutse yabaye bari kwinjira mu myaka y’ubusaza. Ingoma ya Habyarimana yarinze ihirima atarasobanura neza icyo yapfuye na Kayibanda wamufataga nk’umwana we kuva mu 1962.
Itangazo rya Habyarimana n’abandi basirikare icumi biyise ‘Camarades du 5 Juillet’, ntirisobanura neza icyatumye bamukuraho uretse kumushinja ko yabaye igikoresho cy’abashakaga gushyira igihugu mu kaga.
Umwaka wa 1973 Kayibanda yahirikiwemo watangiye mu gihugu hari ibibazo byinshi cyane cyane ivanguramoko ryari ryatangiye gufata indi ntera. Mu mashuri no mu mirimo, abatutsi bari bari kwicwa ahandi birukanwa umusubirizo bazi ko ari abatutsi.
Hari abapfuye, abarokotse bahunga igihugu ndetse ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga bitangaza inkuru zagaragazaga ko mu gihugu hari gutegurwa Jenoside.
Ni umwaka kandi wagombaga kubamo amatora ya Perezida aho Kayibanda yagombaga kurekura ubutegetsi nyuma ya manda ebyiri nk’uko Itegeko Nshinga ryabivugaga. Icyakora, Kayibanda ntiyashakaga kurekura ndetse yahiritswe uwo munsi hateguwe Inteko rusange y’ishyaka MDR Parmehutu yagombaga kumutanga nk’umukandida ku yindi manda.
Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi, yagiye agerageza kwirinda kuvuga kuri Kayibanda n’icyo bapfuye, agashaka kubihirikira ku bakoranaga na we.
Tariki ya 1 Kanama 1973 nibwo Habyarimana yashyizeho Guverinoma ya mbere, hashize iminsi 25 afashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Ni nawo munsi Habyarimana yavuze byeruye ku cyo bapfuye na Kayibanda.
Icyo gihe yagize ati “Kuwa Gatanu Nyakanga 1973, twabamenyesheje umwanzuro wari wafashwe n’abasirikare bakuru bose mu ngabo zacu. Gukwirakwiza abo basirikare bakuru mu duce dutandukanye tw’igihugu bagashyirwa mu mirimo idahuye n’amapeti yabo, ni umugambi wari wateguwe neza n’ubutegetsi bwari buriho.”
Mu mvugo ye, Habyarimana yigaragazaga nk’utari ugize ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda kandi yari amaze imyaka icumi muri Guverinoma. Binavugwa ko ubugizi bwa nabi bwibasiye Abatutsi, igisirikare cyagize uruhare mu kubukongeza kugira ngo cyerekane intege nke za Kayibanda, wari usanzwe azwiho kwanga urunuka Abatutsi.
Habyarimana yavuze ko Kayibanda yari azengurutswe n’ibisambo ari nabyo byamuvangiye.
Ati “Twamaganye iyo politiki yo kwigizayo bamwe yatangijwe n’ibisambo byari bikikije umukuru w’igihugu byitwaje ko ananiwe […] Twaravuze tuti ‘Oya’ ku irondakarere, aho akarere kamwe gashaka guhaka utundi. Icyenewabo cyari cyaramunze inzego zacu zose. Twanze ako karengane.”
Habyarimana yari agiye kwicwa?
Kuwa 1 Kanama 1973, Habyarimana yabwiye abaturage ko bakwiriye gushima Rurema kuba agihumeka, ngo kuko ibyegera bya Kayibanda byari bigiye kumuhitana.
Amakuru avuga ko mu ijoro ryo kuwa 4 Nyakanga Habyarimana yahamagawe mu biro bya Kayibanda wakoreraga mu Mujyi wa Kigali rwagati ahubatse Hotel Marriot ubu.
Ngo icyo gihe imodoka ye yarashwe atarahagera, bikozwe n’abantu bashakaga kumuhitana, ari nacyo cyatumye ahita yifatanya n’abandi basirikare bakarara bahiritse Kayibanda.
Habyarimana ubwe ntasobanura uko umugambi wo kumuhitana Leta ya Kayibanda yari yawuteguye, gusa yashimangiye ko byanze bikunze yagombaga gupfa, bityo ko Coup d’Etat ari yo mahitamo yari asigaranye.
Ati “Mu ijoro ryo kuwa 4 rishyira kuwa 5 Nyakanga, twararusimbutse ku mugambi mubisha wari wateguwe n’abo bagome. Hari hateguwe urutonde rw’abantu bagomba kwicwa kandi rwateguwe n’abari ibyegera bya Perezida Kayibanda. Ni Imana yakinze ukuboko ngo njye ubavugisha uyu munsi mbashe kurokoka umugambi mubisha wari wanteguriwe muri icyo gitondo cy’uwa 5 Nyakanga.”
“Ninjye wagombaga gupfa mbere nkakurikirwa n’abandi benshi. Twafashe umwanzuro wo kuburizamo uwo mugambi wo kumena amaraso y’abana b’u Rwanda.”
Hashize imyaka itatu afashe ubutegetsi, kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1976 Habyarimana yongeye kuvuga ko Kayibanda yazize ubusambo bw’ibyegera bye.
Ati “Habonetse bamwe mubo Igihugu cyari cyemereye kukibera inkingi babiciye iruhande bagashaka kwiharira no kwihehererezaho ibyo Revolution ya 1959 yasangije Imbaga nyamwinshi. Uwo mururumba bashyigikije inzangano n’ikinyoma bawugize agakingirizo k’ubugome bwari bugamije gutsemba benshi mu ntwari z’u Rwanda basangaga zitazemera ko abana b’u Rwanda bakomeza kubuzwa amahoro n’inda za bamwe.”
Yongeyeho ati “Twanze ko ubukungu, ubumenyi n’ubutegetsi bwaharirwa agace kamwe k’u Rwanda kandi twese turuvunikira.”
Habyarimana n’Abahutu bo mu Majyaruguru n’Uburengerazuba, bashinjaga Kayibanda gutonesha Abahutu bo muri Gitarama, abakwirakwiza mu myanya myiza y’ubutegetsi.
Nubwo Habyarimana yahiritse Kayibanda, yakunze kumugaragaza nk’aho yazize abajyanama babi ndetse umuryango we kimwe n’iy’abanyapolitiki bo muri Gitarama bishwe nyuma ya Coup d’Etat, ayigenera amafaranga y’impozamarira.
Kayibanda yakatiwe urwo gupfa mu 1974 gusa aza kubabarirwa ahabwa igifungo cya burundu. Yapfuye aguye iwe i Kavumu muri Muhanga kuwa 15 Ukuboza 1976 azize ubuzima bubi, hakaba n’abavuga ko yishwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana.
Muri Mutarama 1979 ubwo Habyarimana yarahiriraga manda ya kabiri, yavuze ko nubwo Kayibanda hari ibyo yakoze nabi, yabimubabariye bityo amuhaye umudari wari uzwi nka Ordre National des Mille Collines.
Yagize ati “twabonye ko uyu munsi byaba byiza gufata ibyemezo bigirira imbabazi Abanyarwanda bari mu bihano. Mbere na mbere nkaba nsabye Abanyarwanda bose kwibagirwa burundu ibibi byakozwe n’uwahoze ari Umukuru w’Igihugu Grégoire Kayibanda. Tumuhanagureho ubwo busembwa kubera ibikorwa yakoreye u Rwanda, n’ubwo byaje kwanduzwa n’abamunanije maze bakamushuka.”
Habyarimana yahiritse Kayibanda amushinja amakosa arimo ubugambanyi, icyenewabo n’ubujura, nyamara na Leta ye nibyo yakoze kuko ubutegetsi, imirimo ya Leta, amashuri, igisirikare n’ibindi byahawe cyane abahutu bo mu Majyaruguru n’Uburengerazuba, akomeza Politiki ya Kayibanda ho guheeza abatutsi n’abari mu mahanga abangira kugaruka mu gihugu.
Inkomoko ; Ibirari by’amateka , Igihe ,Britanicca ,Jeune Afrique n’abahanga mu by’amateka y’u Rwanda