Hatangiye gutangwa Ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel 2024
Igihembwe cy’ibihembo Nobel 20024 cyatangiye kuri uyu wa mbere gihereye ku gihembo cy’ubuvuzi.Cyahawe Abanyamerika babiri Victor Ambros na Gary Ruvkun.
Ibi bihembo bihabwa abakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa by’ingirakamaro ku kiremwamuntu nk’uko Alfred Nobel wabishyizeho ndetse akaba na nyir’umutungo ukurwamo ibi bihembo yabyifuje.
Victor Ambros (w’imyaka hafi 71 y’amavuko) ni mwarimu n’umushakashatsi mw’ishuri rikuru ry’ubuganga rya kaminuza Massachusetts, mu mujyi wa Worcester muri leta ya Massaschusetts.
Naho Gary Ruvkun (w’imyaka 72) akora mu bitaro bikuru bya Massaschusetts biri mu mujyi wa Boston, umurwa mukuru w’iyi leta ya Massaschusetts akaba ari mwarimu n’umushakashatsi mw’ishuri rikuru ry’ubuganga rya kaminuza Harvard.
Kuva mu 1974 amategeko agenga ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel ateganya ko nta muntu ugenerwa iki gihembo yarapfuye keretse iyo apfuye byaramaze gutangazwa ko yagenewe iki gihembo.
Abantu babiri b’abanya- Suède nibo bonyine bagihawe baramaze gupfa, barimo umusizi Axel Karlfeldt wagihawe mu 1931 n’umunyamabanga w’umuryango w’abibumbye Dag Hammarskjöld wagihawe mu 1961.
Hari n’igihe ibi bihembo bidatangwa bikozwe mu buryo bwo guha icyubahiro uwabigenewe wapfuye nk’uko byagenze nyuma y’urupfu rwa Mahatma Gandhi mu 1948.
Komite Nobel yabahembye kubera ko bavumbuye uturemangingo duto cyane twitwa microRNA dufite uruhare mu mihindukire y’imikorere y’utundi twitwa “genes.” Isobanura ko kumenya uko dukora bizateza imbere cyane ubushakashatsi bwo kuvura indwara za kanseri, diyabete (cyangwa gisukali), iz’umutima, iz’impyiko, n’izindi zibasira ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri w’umuntu.
Bazagabana igihembo cy’amadolari miliyoni imwe.Umuhanga w’umunya- Suède mu bijyanye n’ubutabire n’ubugenge Svante Arrhenius yahawe igihembo mu by’ubutabire mu 1903. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19 ni we muntu wa mbere wavumbuye ko gucana ibikomoka kuri petrol byangiza ikirere bitewe n’imyuka ya CO2 yoherezwa mu kirere.
Imibare ye yagaragazaga ko iyi myuka ya CO2 yoherezwa mu kirere iramutse yikubye kabiri byakongera ubushyuhe ku isi ho 50C. Arrhenius ariko we ngo yumvaga iyi ngano bizafata nk’imyaka 3000 ngo igerweho nyamara abahanga b’iki gihe bo bagaragaza ko iki kigero kiziyongeraho ahubwo hagati ya 2,6 °C na 3,9°C ndetse kikanagerwaho vuba bitewe n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri petrol rikomeje kuzamuka.