Nihon Hidankyo, n’itsinda ry’abayapani barokotse ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, batsindiye igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu 2024 kubera imbaraga ryashyizwemo zo kugirango hagerwaho isi itarangwamo intwaro za kirimbuzi.
Iri tsinda ryahawe icyubahiro kubera ibyo ryerekanye binyuze mu buhamya bw’abatangabuhamya ko intwaro za kirimbuzi zitagomba kongera gukoreshwa nkuko byahamijwe na Jorgen Watne Frydnes, usanzwe ari umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe Nobel muri Noruveje i Oslo.
Urugendo rwo muri nagakatsi ruva Hiroshima na Nagasaki ruzwi kandi nka Hibakusha rugamije kwigisha isi kwimakaza isi itarangwamo ibisasu bya kirimbuzi .
Komite itegura ibihembo bya Nobel yo muri Noruveje yavuze ko yakoze ibi ishaka guha icyubahiro abantu bose barokotse ibisasu bya kirimbuzi byatewe i Hiroshima na Nagasaki, Iki gihembo cyatangiwe mu kigo cyitiriwe Nobel cyo muri Noruveje i Oslo.
Iyi Komite yagize ati: “Baradufasha gusobanura ibidasobanurwa, gutekereza ku bidashoboka, ndetse no gusobanukirwa n’ububabare n’imibabaro bitumvikana biterwa n’intwaro za kirimbuzi.”
Imbaraga za kirimbuzi zirimo kuvugurura no kuzamura urwego rw’intwaro zazo, ibihugu bishya bigaragara ko bitegura kubona intwaro za kirimbuzi kandi hakorwa iterabwoba ryo gukoresha intwaro za kirimbuzi mu ntambara ikomeje.
Narges Mohammadi, uharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore wo muri Irani ufunzwe, yatsindiye igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu 2023 kubera urugamba yagize ubutwari bwo kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore muri Irani ndetse no guharanira ubudahwema kuvugurura imibereho.Igihembo cy’amahoro nicyo cyonyine cyitiriwe Nobel cyatanzwe mu murwa mukuru wa Noruveje – ibindi byatangarijwe i Stockholm muri stockhom .
Ibi bihembo bihabwa abakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa by’ingirakamaro ku kiremwamuntu nk’uko Alfred Nobel wabishyizeho ndetse akaba na nyir’umutungo ukurwamo ibi bihembo yabyifuje.
Ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel ntibihabwa umuntu wapfuye
Kuva mu 1974 amategeko agenga ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel ateganya ko nta muntu ugenerwa iki gihembo yarapfuye keretse iyo apfuye byaramaze gutangazwa ko yagenewe iki gihembo.
Abantu babiri b’abanya- Suède nibo bonyine bagihawe baramaze gupfa, barimo umusizi Axel Karlfeldt wagihawe mu 1931 n’umunyamabanga w’umuryango w’abibumbye Dag Hammarskjöld wagihawe mu 1961.
Hari n’igihe ibi bihembo bidatangwa bikozwe mu buryo bwo guha icyubahiro uwabigenewe wapfuye nk’uko byagenze nyuma y’urupfu rwa Mahatma Gandhi mu 1948.
Umudari uhabwa uwatwaye ibi bihembo uvunja akayabo
Mu bihabwa uwagenewe ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel harimo n’umudali wa zahabu uhagaze akayabo k’amayero asaga ibihumbi 900. Nyamara umunyamakuru w’Umurusiya Dmitri Mouratov wahawe igihembo cy’amahoro, iyi zahabu yabashije kuyivunjamo akayabo yageneye abana bo muri Ukraine.
Muri Kamena; uyu mudali wa garama 196 wari watanzwe mu mwaka ushize wagurishijwe asaga miliyoni $103.5 utangwamo inkunga n’umuntu utaramenyekanye kuri UNICEF.
Higezwe kubaho kwibeshaya ku waba yarashinze ibi bihembo
Ku itariki 12 Mata 1888 nibwo Ludvig mukuru wa Alfred Nobel yapfuye, agwa ahitwa Cannes mu Bufaransa nyamara ikinyamakuru Le Figaro kigiye gutangaza iyi nkuru kiribeshya cyandika ko Alfred Nobel ari we wityabye Imana.
Ku rupapuro rwacyo rwa mbere hari handitseho amagambo agira ati “Ejo umugabo bizagorana ko hari uwamusumbya mu kugirira ineza ikiremwamuntu yaguye i Cannes. Ni bwana Nobel, uwavumbuye ibiturika bya ‘dynamite’.”
Abaje guherekeza nyakwigendera kuri hotel yabagamo batunguwe no kwakirwa n’uwo bari baje gushyingura nk’uko byanditswe na Le Figaro ku munsi wakurikiyeho.
Nibo bahembye bwa mbere uwagaragaje kurengera ibidukikije
Umuhanga w’umunya- Suède mu bijyanye n’ubutabire n’ubugenge Svante Arrhenius yahawe igihembo mu by’ubutabire mu 1903. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19 ni we muntu wa mbere wavumbuye ko gucana ibikomoka kuri petrol byangiza ikirere bitewe n’imyuka ya CO2 yoherezwa mu kirere.
Imibare ye yagaragazaga ko iyi myuka ya CO2 yoherezwa mu kirere iramutse yikubye kabiri byakongera ubushyuhe ku isi ho 50C. Arrhenius ariko we ngo yumvaga iyi ngano bizafata nk’imyaka 3000 ngo igerweho nyamara abahanga b’iki gihe bo bagaragaza ko iki kigero kiziyongeraho ahubwo hagati ya 2,6 °C na 3,9°C ndetse kikanagerwaho vuba bitewe n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri petrol rikomeje kuzamuka.
Hari ababona ko bitakigezweho
Ku myaka isaga 120, ibi bihembo bifite izina ryashinze imizi mu mfuruka zose z’isi, icyakora hari ababona ko ibi bihembo bitakigezweho ndetse ko bishaje ngo kuko akenshi bihitamo ibintu byavumbuwe hambere.
Mu 1980 umuherwe w’Umudage w’umunya- Suède yashinze ibihembo bya Right Livelihood biza bishaka guhigika ibihembo byitiriwe Nobel nyuma y’uko banze kongeramo ibihembo mu by’ibidukikije n’iterambere.
