Mu bya siyansi by’inyoni (ornithology), ijambo “igishenzi” cyangwa “inyoni y’inkazi” risobanura inyoni ifite amaso areba kure cyane, inzara zikomeye ndetse n’umunwa unyerera umwe ushobora kurandura inyama mu mubiri w’inyamanswa runaka.
Uyu munsi mu kiganiro ubumenyi bw’isi Dailybox, yaguteguriye ikiganiro kivuga kuri zimwe mu nyamaswa z’ inkazi zizwiho gutungwa n’izindi (prey), tukaba twaguteguriye urutonde rw’inyoni 10, zifite ubushobozi burenze izindi. Icyo usabwa ni ugukurikira maze ukitegura gutangazwa n’izi nyoni zikanganye kandi z’amateka.
Ese ni izihe nyoni z’inkazi nini kwisi, kandi zitunzwe n’iki ?
Urutonde rw’inyoni z’inkazi nini ku isi
Ibinyoni by’inkazi (cyangwa raptors) ni ibiremwa bitangaje bibarizwa hejuru y’urunigi rw’ibiribwa (tertiary consumers) kubera ubushobozi bwabyo bwihariye.
Nubwo urutonde rugizwe n’inyoni nini cyane z’inkazi, ni ingenzi kumenya ko twarushyizemo n’inkona ndetse na za kaduruvayi (vultures), nubwo abahanga bamwe mu by’inyamaswa badakunda kuziha umwanya mu zindi. Nyamara tukaba twazishyize ku rutonde kubera imiterere yazo isa n’iy’inkazi.
- Isega y’i Burayi n’Aziya (Eurasian Eagle Owl)
Iyi ni inyoni iboneka mu misozi no mu mashyamba yo mu Burayi n’Aziya. Igerwaho no gupima ibiro 4.2 (9.2 lbs) kandi ikaba ifite amababa agera kuri metero 2 (6.5 feet).
Iyi ni imwe mu zigize umuryango w’amasega manini cyane kandi y’ingufu. Nubwo amasega menshi anganya ubunini, iyi yo irihariye kuko ari yo yonyine izwiho kuba yarishe umuntu.
Mu bisanzwe iyi nyoni ikunda kurya imbeba, inkwavu n’udusamagwe duto.
- Kagoma yo muri Afurika (Martial Eagle)
Iyi niyo nyoni y’inkazi nini kurusha izindi muri Afurika.
Ifite amababa agera kuri metero 2.6 (8.5 feet) kandi ipima ibiro 6.2 (13.6 lbs).
Kubera uburyo rimwe na rimwe ikunze kwibasira amatungo, abahinzi benshi bashaka kuyica biri mu bizatuma icika ku isi igihe bidakosowe.
- Kagoma y’u Buhinde (Philippine Eagle)
Iyi ni nyoni isanzwe ari ikimenyetso cy’igihugu mu Buhinde.
Phillipine eagle ikunze kwibera mu mashyamba kandi irihuta cyane nubwo ipima ibiro 7 (15.3 lbs) ikaba ifite amababa ya metero 2.
Kimwe mu butangaje kuri iyi nyoni ni uko izwiho kurya inzovu, uducurama, imbeba z’ishyamba, ingurube ndetse n’imbwa.
- Kagoma y’Amazi yo muri Steller (Steller’s Sea Eagle)
Iyi iboneka mu Burusiya no mu Buyapani.
Ni yo kagoma iremereye kurusha izindi, ipima ibiro 9 (19.8 lbs), kandi ikaba ifite amababa ya metero 2.5 (8.1 feet).
Akenshi ikunze kurya amafi ariko ikaba izwiho kurwana n’izindi nyoni nini.
Ni imwe mu nyamaswa ziri mu kaga kubera icyuma cyangiza (lead poisoning) ikunze kubona mu bipfunsi bya ba mukerarugendo baba bayirangamiye.
- Kagoma yitwa Harpy (Harpy Eagle)
Iyi niyo kagoma ifite imbaraga cyane kurusha izindi ku isi ikaba ipima ibiro 9 (19.8 lbs), ariko amababa yayo ni magufi (2 m) kugira ngo ibashe kuhuruka no kunyanyagira mu mashyamba.
Kagoma ya Harpy izwiho kugira inzara ndende cyane kandi ikaba ishobora no kuvuna akaboko k’umuntu.
Mu bisanzwe irya inguge, amavubi ndetse n’inyoni nini.
- Kagoma yo mu misozi ya Afurika (African Crowned Eagle)
Iyi ni inyoni iba mu mashyamba ya Afurika y’Amajyepfo.
Nubwo ifite amababa ya metero 2, ishobora kwica inyamaswa zipima kugeza ku biro 35 (77.1 lbs). Inzara zayo zishobora gukuraho umutwe w’inguge.
Iyi irya iswa, inkende, inyamaswa nto n’inyamaswa z’ishyamba nk’isha ndetse n’ihene z’ishyamba.
- Inkona y’Amaguru maremare (Bearded Vulture / Lammergeyer)
Iyi iboneka muri Aziya, Uburayi n’Afurika.
Ipima ibiro 8 (17.7 lbs) kandi amababa yayo agera kuri metero 3 (9.8 feet). Akenshi ikunze kurya ku bisigazwa (scavenger), ikaba ibaga inyama zipfuye ikazijugunya ku mabuye kugira ngo ibashe kumena amagufwa yazo maze ikabasha kurya umusokoro w’imbere.
- Inkona yo muri Amerika (California Condor)
Iyi niyo nyoni nini kurusha izindi muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru.
Ipima ibiro 12 (26.6 lbs) kandi amababa yayo ni metero 3 (9.8 feet).
Irya ibiryo byapfuye (carrion) nk’inyamaswa zapfuye zirimo imparage, inka, intama, inkwavu ndetse n’imbeba.
- Inkona y’Afurika y’Amajyaruguru (Lappet Faced Vulture)
Mu ngano ingana n’inkona ya Amerika.
Iyi ipima ibiro 14 (30.8 lbs) kandi ifite amababa ya metero 3. Iboneka mu mukeri w’intambike (savannah) za Afurika ndetse no mu bihugu by’Abarabu.
Irya impala, antelope, flamingo n’amagi cyangwa ibyana by’izindi nyoni.
Irangwa n’ubugome bukomeye kuko ishobora kwirukana izindi nyamaswa kugira ngo yigarurire inyama yonyine.
- Inkona yo mu misozi y’i Andes (Andean Condor)
Ni yo nyoni y’inkazi nini ku isi.
Iyi nkona ipima ibiro 15 (33.1 lbs) kandi amababa yayo agera kuri metero 3 (9.8 feet).
Iba ahantu h’imisozi miremire haba hari umuyaga mwinshi uyifasha kuguruka.
Nubwo ari inkona (vulture), ntibiyibuza kurya cyane inyama zipfuye z’inyamaswa nini.
Icyitonderwa ku basomyi: Nubwo bamwe badashyira inkona mu rwego rw’inyoni z’inkazi. Tugendeye ku miterere n’imibereho bifitanye isano, twazifashe nk’inyoni z’inkazi muri uru rutonde.
Tubararikiye kuzakurikira ikindi kiganiro nk’iki kizaba cyibanda ku nyoni zibasha kureba kure ku isi.
