inkomoko y\’umuryango wa OTAN na amakimbirane hagati yawo n\’ubu-Russia

Iki gitekerezo cya generali marshall ntabwo cyoroheje kwishyira hamwe kwubukungu bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi gusa ahubwo byateje imbere igitekerezo cy’inyungu n’ubufatanye hagati y’Amerika n\’Uburayi. Abasoviyeti banze kugira uruhare muri gahunda ya Marshall cyangwa kwemerera ibihugu by’icyogajuru mu Burayi bw’iburasirazuba kwakira ubufasha bw’ubukungu byafashije gushimangira amacakubiri yiyongera hagati y’iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba mu Burayi.Mu 1947–1948, ibintu byinshi byatumye ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba bihangayikishwa n’umutekano wa politiki ndetse n’Amerika bikarushaho kugira uruhare mu bibazo by’Uburayi. Intambara y\’abenegihugu ikomeje kubera mu Bugereki, hamwe n\’amakimbirane muri Turukiya, yayoboye Perezida Harry S. Truman yemeza ko Amerika izatanga ubufasha mu by\’ubukungu no mu bya gisirikare mu bihugu byombi, ndetse no mu kindi gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose kirwanira kugerageza kwigaruriraIhirikwa ry’abasoviyeti ryatewe inkunga na Cekosolovakiya ryatumye guverinoma y\’abakomunisiti igera ku butegetsi ku mipaka y\’Ubudage.

Hibanzwe kandi ku matora yo mu Butaliyani kuko ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ryungutse byinshi mu batoye Ubutaliyani. Byongeye kandi, ibyabereye mu Budage nabyo byateje impungenge. Kwigarurira no kuyobora Ubudage nyuma y’intambara byari bimaze igihe bitavugwaho rumwe, maze hagati mu 1948, minisitiri w’intebe w’Abasoviyeti, Joseph Stalin, ahitamo kugerageza icyemezo cy’iburengerazuba ashyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cyo gukumira Berlin y’iburengerazuba, icyo gihe kikaba cyarazanye Amerika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z\’Abasoviyeti mu makimbirane, nubwo indege nini yo kugarura umujyi mu gihe cyo kuzitira byafashije gukumira amakimbirane burundu. Ibi bintu byatumye abayobozi ba Amerika barushaho kwitondera ko ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba bishobora gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano wabo baganira n’Abasoviyeti. Kugira ngo duhangane n’ibi bintu bishoboka, Ubuyobozi bwa Truman bwatekereje ko hashobora kubaho ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika byiyemeza Amerika gushimangira umutekano w’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba.

Gushyira umukono ku masezerano y\’i Buruseli

Gushyira umukono ku masezerano y\’i Buruseli
Ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba byiteguye gusuzuma igisubizo cy’umutekano rusange. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’amakimbirane n’umutekano mucye byiyongera, abahagarariye ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba bateraniye hamwe kugira ngo bagirane ubumwe bwa gisirikare. Muri Werurwe 1948, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ububiligi, Ubuholandi na Luxembourg byashyize umukono ku masezerano y\’i Buruseli. Amasezerano yabo yatangaga ubwirinzi rusange; niba hari kimwe muri ibyo bihugu cyatewe, ibindi byabaye ngombwa ko bifasha kubirwanaho. Muri icyo gihe kandi, Ubuyobozi bwa Truman bwashyizeho umushinga w’amahoro, bwongera amafaranga mu gisirikare, kandi busaba Kongere ya Repubulika iharanira demokarasi y’amateka ko yatekereza ku bufatanye bwa gisirikare n’Uburayi.

Muri Gicurasi 1948, Senateri wa Repubulika Arthur H. Vandenburg yatanze umwanzuro uvuga ko Perezida yashaka amasezerano y’umutekano n’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba yubahiriza amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye ariko akaba hanze y’akanama gashinzwe umutekano aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z\’Abasoviyeti zari zifite ububasha bwo guhagarika uburenganzira. Icyemezo cya Vandenburg cyaremejwe, maze imishyikirano itangira ku masezerano ya Atlantike y\’Amajyaruguru Nubwo amasezerano rusange yerekeye igitekerezo cyihishe inyuma yamasezerano, byatwaye amezi menshi kugirango gikore neza. Amerika kandi Koandi yari yemeye gukurikirana ubumwe mpuzamahanga, ariko ikomeza guhangayikishwa n\’amasezerano y\’amagambo Ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba byifuzaga kwizeza ko AMERIKA izagira icyo ikora mu gihe habaye igitero, ariko muri Amerika Itegeko Nshinga riha ububasha bwo gutangaza intambara bushingiye kuri Kongere. Ibiganiro byagize uruhare mu gushaka ururimi rwizeza ibihugu by’Uburayi ariko ntirutegeke Amerika gukora mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko yayo. Byongeye kandi, uruhare rw’ibihugu by’i Burayi mu mutekano rusange rwasabaga ubufasha bunini bwa gisirikare butangwa na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika kugira ngo bufashe kubaka ubushobozi bw’ingabo z’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba. Mu gihe ibihugu by’Uburayi byavugaga ko inkunga n’imfashanyo ku giti cya Amerika yashakaga gutanga ubufasha bushingiye ku guhuza uturere. Ikibazo cya gatatu cyari ikibazo cyurwego,Abashyize umukono ku masezerano y\’i Buruseli bahisemo ko kuba muri ubwo bufatanye bigarukira gusa ku bagize ayo masezerano hiyongereyeho Amerika.

Ibyavuye muri iyo mishyikirano yagutse ni ugusinya amasezerano ya Atlantike y\’Amajyaruguru mu 1949. Muri aya masezerano, Amerika, Kanada, Ububiligi, Danemarke, Ubufaransa, Isilande, Ubutaliyani, Luxemburg, Ubuholandi, Noruveje, Porutugali, n\’Ubwongereza byemeye gutekereza ku gitero cyagabwe kuri kimwe mu bitero byibasiye bose, hamwe no kugisha inama ku iterabwoba kandi ibibazo byo kwirwanaho. Iyi gahunda yo kwirwanaho hamwe yakoreshwaga gusa mubitero byibasiye abashyizeho umukono byabereye i Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru; ntabwo yarimo amakimbirane mu turere twabakoloni. Aya masezerano amaze gushyirwaho umukono, abatari bake bashyize umukono ku masezerano basabye Amerika ubufasha bwa gisirikare. Nyuma mu 1949, Perezida Truman yatanze gahunda yo gufasha mu gisirikare, maze gahunda yo gufashanya hagati y’ingabo yemeza Amerika.

Kongere ya Amerika ibihugu by’Abasoviyeti by’ibihugu mu Kwakira, ikoresha miliyari 1.4 z\’amadolari hagamijwe kubaka ibirindiro by’iburayi by’iburengerazuba.Nyuma gato y’ishyirwaho ry’umuryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y\’Amajyaruguru, Intambara yo muri Koreya itangiye byatumye abanyamuryango bimuka vuba kugira ngo bahuze kandi bahuze ingabo zabo n’ingabo binyuze ku cyicaro gikuru bizwi nka (centralized headquater). Icyo gihe igitero cya Koreya ya Ruguru cyagabwe kuri Koreya y\’Epfo cyabonwaga ko ari urugero rw\’ibitero by\’abakomunisiti byayobowe na Moscow, bityo Amerika ishimangira ibyo ingabo zayo mu Burayi kugira ngo itange icyizere cyo kurwanya ibitero by\’Abasoviyeti ku mugabane w\’u Burayi. Mu 1952, abanyamuryango bemeye kwemerera Ubugereki na Turukiya muri NATO bongeraho Repubulika y’Ubudage mu 1955. Kwinjira mu Budage bw’iburengerazuba byatumye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z\’Abasoviyeti zihorera hamwe n’ubufatanye bw’akarere, zafashe ishusho y’umuryango w’amasezerano ya Warsaw muri polonye kandi zirimo ibihugu by’Abasoviyeti by’ibihugu

Gahunda yo kwirwanaho hamwe muri NATO yagize uruhare mu gushyira Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba bwose munsi y’umutaka wa kirimbuzi w’Abanyamerika “.” Mu myaka ya za 1950, imwe mu nyigisho za mbere za gisirikare za NATO zagaragaye mu buryo bwa “kwihorera gukabije,” cyangwa igitekerezo cy\’uko niba hari umunyamuryango wagabweho igitero, Amerika yari gusubiza igitero kinini cya kirimbuzi. Iterabwoba ryubu buryo bwo gusubiza ryari rigamije gukumira ibitero by’Abasoviyeti ku mugabane wa Afurika. N\’ubwo yashinzwe mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibibazo by’intambara y\’ubutita igenda itera imbere, NATO yamaze igihe kirenze ayo makimbirane arangiye, abanyamuryango ndetse baraguka bagera no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z\’Abasoviyeti. Iracyari ihuriro rinini rya gisirikare ryamahoro nanubu kwisi arinaryo zingiro ryazimwe mu ntambara zriho magingo aya yaba ishyamiranishije Ukraine na Russia cyangwa israel n\’ ibihugu byo muburasirazuba bwo hagati ( Iran & palestine).