DR. Congo n’u Burundi mu bihugu 10 bikennye ku isi : REPORT
Gukena si umurage kandi ntan’ubyizanira kuko birababaza, iyo bavuga ko igihugu gikennye ahanini bagendera ku ngengo y’imari gikoresha, inyungu rusange cyinjiza ku mwaka haba mu baturage na leta muri rusange, ni kenshi uzasanga igihugu gifite umutungo kamere arko kigahora mu murongo w’ubukene bukabije.
Nkuko musanzwe mubimenyereye Dailybox ibategurira ikiganiro kivuga ku bumenyi bw’isi, uyu munsi twabateguriye urutonde rw’ibihugu icumi bikennye cyane kurusha ibindi, igitangaje n’uko dusangamo ibihugu by’ibituranyi nk’u Burundi, Congo n’ibindi dusangiye imiryango duhuriramo haba iya politiki niy’ubukungu.
Hari zimwe mu ntandaro z’ubukene bworetse ibihugu muri iyi myaka mike ishize zimwe muri izo twavugamo nk’intambara, ibyorezo, amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko n’amadini ndetse na politiki mbi zoretse ibihugu by’Afurika dore ko ari nabyo bigaragara kuri uru rutonde, ikimeze nk’ihurizo rikomeye ku buyobozi bw’umuryango wunze ubumwe bw’Afurika muri rusange.
Tugendeye ku mibare itangwa na banki y’isi n’ibigo by’imari biyishamikiyeho bigaragaza ijanisha ry’amafaranga umuturage yinjiza muri buri gihugu, twaguteguriye urutonde rukurikira.
- Sudan y’epfo
Iki nicyo gihugu gifatwa nk’igishya muri Afurika ndetse no mu isi muri rusange dore ko giherutse kwemerwa n’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 2011, ibyagezweho nyuma y’igihe kirekire cy’ihangana ry’Abarabu b’abayisiramu n’abirabura bafatwa nk’abakirisitu.
Sudani y’Epfo yaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo rukabije kuva yashingwa mu 2011, ni cyo gihugu kiyoboye ibindi bihugu 100, byasohotse ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikennye cyane ku isi mu 2025. Iki gihugu gituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 11, cyamunzwe n’ibibazo by’amacakubiri mu bya politiki n’imibereho, ubusumbane, ruswa n’intambara.
Abenshi mu bahatuye bakora mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi gakondo, nubwo ihohoterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe rikabije biri mu byagiye bikumira abahinzi guhinga ngo babone umusaruro uko bikwiye. Ni mu gihe Banki y’isi ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2023 abantu barenga miliyoni 9 muri iki gihugu bari bakeneye ubufasha bw’imibereho.
- U Burundi
Iki ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati cyikaba umuturanyi ndetse n’umuvandimwe w’u Rwanda, gusa ibibazo bya politiki ahanini bishingiye ku miyoborere mibi biri mu byagiye bisembura umubano mubi hagati y’ibihugu byombi byaboneye ubwigenge rimwe mu 1962.
U Burundi buza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi, kiri mu bihugu bitagira umutungo kamere kandi cyahungabanyijwe n’intambara y’abenegihugu yamaze imyaka 12, hafi 80% by’abaturage b’u Burundi bagera kuri miliyoni 13 bashingira ubuzima bwabo ku buhinzi.
Ikibazo cyo kubura ibiribwa kikubye hafi inshuro ebyiri ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Abaturage bafite amashanyarazi muri iki gihugu ntabwo bageze kuri 5%, mu gihe kubona amazi n’ibijyanye n’isuku bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi.
Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye, yashyizeho umwete mu kongera ubukungu no gusana umubano w’ububanyi n’amahanga, maze mu 2022, Amerika, ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’Uburayi byongera gutanga ubufasha nyuma yo gukuraho ibihano byari byarafatiye iki gihugu mu myaka yabanje.
- Repubulika ya Central Africa
Ni igihugu giherereye muri Africa yo hagati ndetse kubera ibibazo by’umutekano muke ahanini wagiye uturuka ku makimbirana akomoka ku madini y’abakirisitu n’abayisiramu bahora bahanganye iki gihugu gikomeje guhura n’ibibazo.
Repubulika ya Central Africa ikungahaye kuri zahabu, peteroli, uraniyumu na diyama gusa iby’ubwo butunzi ntibiyibuza kuba ituwe n’abaturage bakennye cyane ibintu biyishyira mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi kuva mu myaka icumi ishize.
- Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Ni igihugu cya kabiri mu bunini muri Africa, kikaba kimwe mu bya mbere bifite ubutunzi bwinshi ku isi, giherereye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu cyacu cy’U Rwanda ndetse kikaba gifite igice kinini cy’abaturage bavuga ururimi rw’i kinyarwanda.
[15/02, 12:48] Franco Frank: Kuva yabona ubwigenge ibukuye ku Bubiligi mu 1960, DRC, imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ihanganye n’igitugu gikaze, umutekano mucye ushingiye ku bibazo bya politiki, ndetse n’urugomo ruhoraho bituma iza mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi. Abagera kuri 65% by’abaturage batuye iki gihugu bagera kuri miliyoni 100, babona amafaranga ari munsi y’amadorali 2.15, ku munsi.
Nyamara ariko, Banki y’Isi ivuga ko DRC ifite amikoro n’ubushobozi byo kuba kimwe mu bihugu bikize muri Afurika kandi kiyoboye n’iterambere ry’umugabane wose kuko ni cyo kinini mu gutanga colbat ku isi, kikaba n’isoko rya mbere ry’umuringa muri Afurika wifashishwa mu gukora ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’izindi mashini z’ikoranabuhanga zikaze.
Ntitwagenda tutavuze ko, itonesha, irondabwoko n’imiyonmborere mibi biri mu bituma iki gihugu gikomeza kuguma mu makuba.
- Niger
Ni igihugu giherereye mu majyaruguru ya Nigeria, dore ko gifatwa nk’umuvandimwe wayo ni igihugu gifite umutungo kamere ugereranyije.
Twababwira ko,hafi 80% by’ubutaka bwa Niger, butwikiriwe n’ubutayu bwa Sahara hamwe n’abaturage biyongera cyane batunzwe n’ubuhinzi buciriritse. Ibura ry’ibiribwa, indwara n’imfu biriyongera cyane muri iki gihugu. Imirwano ikunze kugaragara hagati y’igisirikare na Boko Haram ishami rya Leta ya Kisilamu (ISIS) yimuye ibihumbi by’abaturage benshi.
- Mozambique
Iki ni igihugu giherereye mu Burasirazuba bw’amajyepfo ya Afurika, n’igihugu kiwi cyane inaha mu Rwanda dore ko nta gihe kinini gishize igihugu cyacu cyoherejeyo ingabo mu butumwa bwo kugarura amahoro.
Nubwo iki gihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere ndetse kikaba cyubakitse neza, kiracyafite ibibazo byakizanye mu bihugu 10, bya mbere bikennye cyane ku isi, aho ihindagurika ry’ikirere n’imidugararo ya politiki ari bimwe muri nyirabayazana. Icyatumye biba bibi kurushaho, nuko kuva mu 2017 ibitero byagabwe n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba za kisilamu byibasiye igice cy’Amajyaruguru ikungahaye kuri gaze na peteroli
- Malawi
Iki ni igihugu cya kabiri kibarizwa mu majyepfo y’Afurika kigaragaye kuri uru rutonde ndetse kikaba kiri mu bihugu bite muri Afurika.
Ubukungu bwa Malawi, nka kimwe mu bihugu bito muri Afurika, ahanini bushingiye ku bihingwa, ariko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikomeje kubabera ikibazo cy’ingutu. Ibura ry’ibiribwa mu bice by’icyaro ni ryinshi cyane. Muri iki gihe, Malawi irimo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubukungu cyateje ibura rya peteroli, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa, ndetse no gutakaza agaciro kw’ifaranga ku kigero gikabije.
- Liberia
Hashize imyaka myinshi Repubulika ya kera cyane muri Afurika ishyizwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi. Icyizere cyo kuva kuri uru rutonde, cyari kiri hejuru cyane igihe George Weah wahoze akina umupira w’amaguru yabaye Perezida mu 2018.
Ku bw’amahirwe macye uko byari byitezwe, ahubwo imyaka yose yamaze ku butegetsi yaranzwe n’igabanuka ry’agaciro k’ifaranga rikabije, ubushomeri ndetse n’iterambere rihagaze nabi ry’ubukungu kugeza mu 2023 ubwo yatsindwaga n’umuyobozi utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi Joseph Boakai. Kuva uyu Boakai yajya ku butegetsi, ikibazo cyatangiye kugabanya ubukana iterambere ritangira kwiyongera, ndetse biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri 4% muri 2024.
Tubibutse ko iyi Liberia, yashinzwe n’abirabura bahoze mu bucakara n’uburetwa ku mugabane w’America ya ruguru.
- Chad
Igihugu cya Tchad kiri mu bihugu 10 bifite peteroli nyinshi muri Afurika nyamara ubukene bukomeje kukibasira kuko ari icya cyenda mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi. Mu 2003 peteroli nyinshi yakoreshejwe n’umutegetsi wigenga w’igihugu, Idriss Deby, kurwanya inyeshyamba no guhashya abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe.
Igihe Deby yicwaga mu 2021, inama ya gisirikare iyobowe n’umuhungu we, Mahamat Idriss, yigaruriye igihugu. Itegekonshinga ryahagaritswe nyuma gato, guverinoma n’inteko ishinga amategeko biraseswa. Ashigikiwe n’igisirikare cye, Mahamat yakomeje kuba umukuru w’igihugu w’inzibacyuho kugeza na n’ubu ibifatwa nko kuyoboza igitugu mu mboni za ba meats mpatsibihugu.
- Madagascar
Nicyo kirwa kinini muri Africa kikaba icya kane ku isi kikaba giherereye mu majyepfo y’Afurika.
Kuva yabona ubwigenge yiyomoye ku bukoroni bw’Abafaransa, mu 1960, Madagascar, yahuye n’imivurungano ya politiki, guhirika ubutegetsi n’amatora atavugwaho rumwe.
Perezida Andry Rajoelina, watowe mu 2019, yaje ku butegetsi asezeranya guhangana na ruswa, kugabanya ubukene no guteza imbere ubukungu gusa byarangiriye mu masezerano gusa. Madagascar, iracyafite kimwe mu bipimo by’ubukene biri hejuru ku isi ku kigero cya 75%, iterambere ricumbagira, kandi guta agaciro kw’ifaranga bihagaze hafi ku 10%, ibyakabaye bitera isi inkeke muri rusange.
Mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika biza ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikennye cyane ku isi muri 2025 harimo Uganda, Tanzania, Mali, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Togo, Egypt, Nigeria, Afurika y’Epfo, Somalia, Ethiopia, Angola, Ghana, Kenya, u Rwanda rwo rukaba ruza ku mwanya wa 23 n’ibindi byinshi.