Bangladesh : impirimbanyi yo kwishyira ukwizana yahindutse umunyagitugu! [inkuru irambuye]

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Ibi bishyize iherezo, ritari ryitezwe, ku butegetsi bw’uyu Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere wari umaze igihe kirekire ategeka Bangladesh, wari uri ku butegetsi kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, ndetse wategetse iki gihugu mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 20 yose hamwe.Hasina, w’imyaka 76, yahunze ku wa mbere mu ndege ya kajugujugu ajya mu Buhinde, mu gihe abigaragambya babarirwa mu bihumbi biraraga mu rugo rwe mu murwa mukuru Dhaka wa Bangladesh.

Hasina, uvugwa ko yagejeje iki gihugu ku majyambere mu bukungu mu myaka ya vuba aha ishize, yatangiye politike nk’intangarugero mu guharanira demokarasi.Ku butegetsi bwa Hasina, Bangladesh itanga ishusho y’imvange. Iki gihugu cyiganjemo abayisilamu, cyahoze ari kimwe mu bihugu bicyennye cyane ku isi, cyateye intambwe mu majyambere ku butegetsi bwe guhera mu mwaka wa 2009.

Banki y’Isi ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2015 iki gihugu cyageze mu cyiciro cyo hasi mu rwego rw’ibifite ubukungu buciriritse (lower middle income), ndetse gifite intego yo kugera mu cyiciro cyo hejuru cyo muri urwo rwego (upper middle income) bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2031.

Bangladesh ubu ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu buzamuka vuba cyane muri ako karere, ndetse ku muvuduko uruta uw’igihugu rutura cy’Ubuhinde baturanye.Banki y’Isi ivuga ko amafaranga umuturage wa Bangladesh yinjiza muri rusange yikubye gatatu muri iyi myaka 10 ishize. Banki y’Isi igereranya ko abaturage barenga miliyoni 25 (mu baturage miliyoni 174 batuye Bangladesh) bakuwe mu bucyene mu myaka 20 ishize.

Byinshi muri aya majyambere byagizwemo uruhare n’inganda z’imyenda, igize byinshi mu bicuruzwa Bangladesh yohereza mu mahanga, ndetse izo nganda zaragutse mu buryo bwihuse mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iheruka. Ubu zohereza imyenda ku masoko y’i Burayi, muri Amerika ya ruguru, no muri Aziya.

Ikoresheje amikoro bwite y’igihugu, inguzanyo n’imfashanyo igenewe iterambere, leta ya Hasina yanakoze ibikorwa-remezo binini cyane, ikibikuriye byose ni iteme rya Padma ry’agaciro ka miliyari 2.9 z’amadolari y’Amerika ryambukiranya uruzi rwa Ganges.

Iyi myigaragambyo iheruka ni yo mbogamizi ikomeye cyane Hasina yahuye na yo kuva yagera ku butegetsi, ndetse yakurikiye amatora yateje impaka zikomeye, aho ishyaka rye ryongeye gutorerwa manda ya kane yikurikiranya mu nteko ishingamategeko.

Imvururu zatangiranye n’ubusabe bwo gukuraho umubare ntarengwa (quotas) w’imirimo ya leta, ariko zahindutse igikorwa kinini cyane cyo kwamagana leta, na we akoresha polisi mu guhashya mu rugomo abigaragambya, hapfa abarenga 200 ndetse abandi benshi barakomereka.

Mu gihe harushagaho kumvikana abamusaba kwegura, yakomeje kwinangira. Yamaganye abahamagarira abandi kwigaragambya, abita “abaterabwoba”, ndetse asaba ubufasha bwo “kuburizamo aba baterabwoba n’imbaraga”. Yanafunze abantu babarirwa mu magana, abandi babarirwa mu magana abashyiraho ibirego by’inshinjabyaha.

Iyo myigaragambyo yo kwamagana icyo kigero ntarengwa (cyangwa ‘quotas’) yabaye mu gihe Bangladesh yari irimo kugorwa n’ikiguzi cy’imibereho gikomeza kuzamuka nyuma y’icyorezo (cya coronavirus).Ibiciro ku isoko byaratumbagiye, ububiko bw’amafaranga y’amahanga (ama ‘devises’) igihugu gitunze bwaragabanutse cyane, n’umwenda (ideni) Bangladesh ibereyemo amahanga wikubye kabiri kuva mu mwaka wa 2016.

Abamunenga begetse ibi ku micungire mibi ya leta ya Hasina, ndetse bavuga ko ibyo Bangladesh yagezeho mu bukungu mbere byafashije gusa abari hafi y’ishyaka Awami League rya Hasina binyuze muri ruswa yabaye akarande.

Abamunenga banavuga ko amajyambere mu bukungu iki gihugu cyayagezeho hirengagijwe demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Hasina amaze igihe kirekire ashinjwa gufata ingamba z’igitugu zo gukandamiza abatavuga rumwe na we muri politike, abamunenga, n’itangazamakuru – impinduka ikomeye ku mutegetsi wahoze aharanira demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi.

Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu igereranya ko abantu nibura 600 baburiwe irengero, abandi babarirwa mu magana bicwa mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, kuva Hasina yasubira ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 2009.

Abashinzwe umutekano ba Bangladesh na bo bamaze igihe bashinjwa ihohotera rikomeye n’iyicarubozo, ndetse mu mwaka wa 2021, Amerika yafatiye ibihano batayo igabwa aho rukomeye (Rapid Action Battalion) – umutwe wo muri polisi ushinjwa kwica abantu mu bugome mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. Amerika yafatiye iyo batayo ibihano iyishinja guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Se, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, ni we wagejeje Bangladesh ku bwigenge mu 1971 kuri Pakistan yayikolonizaga icyo gihe, aba Perezida wa mbere w’icyo gihugu.Icyo gihe, Hasina yari yaramaze kubaka izina nk’umuyobozi w’abanyeshuri kuri Kaminuza ya Dhaka ,Hasina, wavukiye mu muryango w’abayisilamu muri East Bengal mu mwaka wa 1947, yari yifitemo politike mu maraso.

Se yiciwe hamwe na benshi mu bo mu muryango we, mu ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryakozwe n’igisirikare mu mwaka wa 1975. Hasina na murumuna we ni bo bonyine barokotse kuko icyo gihe bari bari mu rugendo mu mahanga.Nyuma yo kuba mu buhungiro mu Buhinde, Hasina yasubiye muri Bangladesh mu mwaka wa 1981, aba umuyobozi w’ishyaka se yahozemo rya Awami League.

Yifatanyije n’andi mashyaka ya politike mu gukora imyigaragambyo mu mihanda igamije guharanira demokarasi ku gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwa Jenerali Hussain Muhammad Ershad. Abifashijwemo n’imvururu zari mu gihugu, mu buryo bwihuse Hasina yahindutse icyitegererezo mu gihugu.

Yatowe bwa mbere ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 1996. Yashimiwe gushyira umukono ku masezerano n’Ubuhinde yo gusaranganya amazi, no ku kugirana amasezerano n’inyeshyamba zishingiye ku moko zo mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw’igihugu.

Ariko no muri icyo gihe, leta ye yaranenzwe kubera amasezerano menshi y’ubucuruzi avugwa ko yari arimo ruswa, ndetse inengwa kuba umugaragu cyane w’Ubuhinde.